Power lines
نویسنده
چکیده
In the United States, the development of biofuels has been presented as a potential way for America to become less dependent on foreign oil, while at the same time reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Both of these potential benefits are appealing, but the feasibility of biofuels, from both scientific and economic perspectives, is still an open question and much debated. In December, President Bush signed the Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA), the goal of which is to increase energy autonomy by facilitating the development and implementation of a wide range of renewable-energy technologies. On biofuels, the EISA compels fuel blenders to increase the amount of biofuel annually mixed from the current level of 9 billion gallons (approximately 8 per cent of total fuel by volume) to 36 billion gallons by the year 2022. So, it seems the US has set an ambitious goal in terms of the role biofuels will play in its future energy consumption; but, is this goal feasible? Ethanol produced from corn starch constitutes almost all the biofuel currently produced in the News focus US. As such, the costs associated with making biofuel are linked to fluctuations in the price of corn, which has almost doubled from $2.32 to $4.25 per bushel in the past five years. The prospect of increased food demand as the economies of India and China grow at an unanticipated rate, coupled with a possible drop in oil prices over the next 10 years, has raised concerns that producing corn-starch based biofuel will not be economically viable without substantial government subsidies. Partly to address this question, the US government has investigated the potential use of alternative sources of raw materials that may be used to produce biofuels. Indeed, the Biofuels: Corn prices are soaring but the US is hoping a robust research programme will help find alternative sources and keep the country's ambitious plans on track. Cyrus Martin reports. Giant focus: US researchers are looking at the potential to generate biofuels from materials such as this fast-growing giant grass, Miscanthus.
منابع مشابه
3D Detection of Power-Transmission Lines in Point Clouds Using Random Forest Method
Inspection of power transmission lines using classic experts based methods suffers from disadvantages such as highel level of time and money consumption. Advent of UAVs and their application in aerial data gathering help to decrease the time and cost promenantly. The purpose of this research is to present an efficient automated method for inspection of power transmission lines based on point c...
متن کاملEffects of Dietary Green Tea Polyphenol Supplementation on the Health of Workers Exposed to High-voltage Power Lines
متن کامل
A New Algorithm for Optimum Voltage and Reactive Power Control for Minimizing Transmission Lines Losses
Reactive power dispatch for voltage profile modification has been of interest Abstract to powerr utilities. Usually local bus voltages can be altered by changing generator voltages, reactive shunts, ULTC transformers and SVCs. Determination of optimum values for control parameters, however, is not simple for modern power system networks. Heuristic and rather intelligent algorithms have to be so...
متن کاملDesign of a New IPFC-Based Damping Neurocontrol for Enhancing Stability of a Power System Using Particle Swarm Optimization
The interline power flow controller (IPFC) is a concept of the FACTS controller for series compensation which can inject a voltage with controllable magnitude and phase angle among multi lines. This paper proposes a novel IPFC-Based Damping Neuro-control scheme using PSO for damping oscillations in a power system to improve power system stability. The addition of a supplementary controll...
متن کاملDetection of power oscillation and simultaneous faults using Clark transform
Distance relays are widely used to protect transmission lines. Sometimes, in these lines due to the occurrence of the oscillation of the power, the impedance calculated in the distance relay enters into its functional zones and leads to the cutting off of the lines. This issue can cause global power outages. Accordingly, in this paper, a Clark-based method for detecting the oscillation of power...
متن کاملReliability estimation of Iran's power network
Today, the electricity power system is the most complicated engineering system has ever been made. The integrated power generating stations with power transmission lines has created a network, called complex power network. The reliability estimation of such complex power networks is a very challenging problem, as one cannot find any immediate solution methods in current literature. In this pape...
متن کاملذخیره در منابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
برای دانلود متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید
ثبت ناماگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید
ورودعنوان ژورنال:
- Current Biology
دوره 18 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2008